Introduction
In an era dominated by 24-hour news cycles and social media outrage, global attention is a scarce commodity. Conflicts in Gaza and Ukraine have captured headlines, sparked protests, and mobilised billions in aid and diplomatic efforts. Yet, as rockets fly over Kyiv and debates rage over Israeli-Palestinian borders, a catastrophe of staggering proportions unfolds in Sudan – a crisis that eclipses both in scale, suffering, and systemic failure. Sudan is not just another war-torn nation; it is the epicentre of the world’s worst hunger emergency, the largest displacement crisis, and a breeding ground for unchecked atrocities. Over two years into a brutal civil war, more than 150,000 people have perished, 12 million have been uprooted from their homes, and 24.6 million, half the population, face acute food insecurity, with famine gripping parts of the country. Children starve by the thousands, schools lie in ruins, and war crimes, including genocide, rape, and ethnic cleansing, are committed with impunity in regions like Darfur, where a recent massacre has intensified the horror.
This essay argues that Sudan’s tragedy, epitomised by events like the Darfur massacre, is not merely a local collapse but a damning indictment of a faltering international order, where geopolitical interests, media biases, and selective outrage allow horrors to fester in the shadows. While Gaza and Ukraine receive saturation coverage – driven by strategic alliances, historical narratives, and viral imagery – Sudan’s agony is met with indifference, reflecting a “new world order” of anarchy, greed, and neglect. Drawing on recent reports, eyewitness accounts, and expert analyses, I will explore the historical roots of the conflict, the current situation, the Darfur massacre, the humanitarian abyss, geopolitical entanglements, inadequate global responses, and comparisons to other crises. Ultimately, Sudan’s unfolding disaster demands urgent re-evaluation: if the liberal world order is ending, what replaces it, and at what human cost?
Historical Background: From Colonial Legacies to Civil War
Sudan’s turmoil is rooted in decades of instability stemming from colonial divisions, ethnic tensions, and resource exploitation. Africa’s third-largest country by landmass, Sudan gained independence from British-Egyptian rule in 1956, inheriting a fractured society. The north, predominantly Arab and Muslim, dominated politics and resources, marginalising the south and peripheral regions like Darfur. This sparked the First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972) and the Second (1983-2005), culminating in South Sudan’s secession in 2011, leaving deep scars.
The Darfur conflict in the early 2000s, often called the 21st century’s first genocide, set a grim precedent. Government-backed Janjaweed militias – precursors to today’s Rapid Support Forces (RSF) – targeted non-Arab communities, killing an estimated 300,000 and displacing 2.7 million. The International Criminal Court indicted then-President Omar al-Bashir for war crimes, but justice was elusive. Al-Bashir’s 30-year rule ended in 2019 amid protests, leading to a fragile civilian-military transition. Power-sharing between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and the RSF, commanded by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemedti), collapsed in April 2023 when clashes erupted in Khartoum over force integration. This power struggle has escalated into a nationwide catastrophe, with the SAF controlling eastern Sudan and parts of the capital, and the RSF dominating Darfur and western regions. Both sides have recruited mercenaries, looted aid, and targeted civilians, turning cities into battlegrounds. As of August 2025, the war persists, with RSF offensives on El Fasher – Darfur’s last SAF stronghold – exacerbating famine and displacement.
Sudan’s conflicts are not solely internal. External powers exploit gold, oil, and strategic Red Sea ports, turning the war into a proxy battleground where Russia, Gulf states, and others fuel chaos, amplifying local grievances.
The Current Situation: A Nation in Freefall
As of August 14, 2025, Sudan is on the brink of collapse. The UN Security Council has condemned RSF attempts to establish parallel governments in captured territories, rejecting their legitimacy amid escalating violence. Attacks on El Fasher have displaced thousands from Zamzam camp, where massacres and bombings have killed scores, including women and children. In South Kordofan, 3,000 fled Kadugli in early August due to insecurity.
The death toll exceeds 150,000, with some estimates suggesting 60,000 in Khartoum province alone. The International Organisation for Migration reports 12 million forcibly displaced since April 2023 – 7.7 million internally and 4.3 million as refugees – the world’s largest displacement crisis. UNHCR data confirms 30.4 million in humanitarian need, a record high.
Famine, declared in North Darfur’s Zamzam camp in 2024 and continuing into 2025, threatens 2 million, with 24.6 million facing acute hunger. The World Food Programme warns that coping mechanisms are exhausted after over two years of war. Malnutrition affects 3.2 million children under five, with projections of worsening conditions. Cholera outbreaks, with over 60,000 cases and 1,600 deaths from August 2024 to May 2025, ravage a population served by a health system where 80% of facilities are non-functional.
Education is in ruins: 19 million children – 90% of school-aged – are out of school, the world’s largest education crisis. Schools are shelters or battlegrounds, with 10.5 million children unable to return since 2023. Child rights violations have surged in 2025.
War crimes, particularly in Darfur, are rampant. The International Criminal Court finds “reasonable grounds” for ongoing crimes against humanity, including systematic rape, abductions, and ethnic cleansing. The RSF, accused of genocide, controls much of Darfur, while SAF bombings indiscriminately kill civilians. Recent footage shows Colombian mercenaries fighting for the RSF, allegedly supported by the UAE.
The Darfur Massacre: A New Chapter of Horror
The Darfur region, scarred by genocide in the 2000s, is again a crucible of atrocity, with a recent massacre underscoring the war’s brutality. In July 2025, RSF forces launched a devastating assault on displacement camps near El Fasher, particularly Zamzam camp, home to over 400,000 people. Reports describe RSF fighters and allied militias storming the camp, targeting non-Arab communities, particularly the Fur, Zaghawa, and Masalit ethnic groups. Over several days, hundreds were killed – estimates range from 500 to 1,200 – with men, women, and children shot, burned alive, or hacked to death. Mass graves were reported, and survivors recounted systematic rape and looting. The attack displaced tens of thousands, many fleeing to already overstretched camps or across borders into Chad.
The massacre was not an isolated incident but part of the RSF’s campaign to consolidate control over Darfur, where it holds most territory except El Fasher. The assault followed weeks of siege, with aid blocked, leaving residents starving. Local officials reported 63 starvation deaths in El Fasher in one week, with the massacre compounding the crisis. The RSF’s tactics mirror the Janjaweed’s 2000s playbook: ethnic cleansing, sexual violence, and terror to subjugate non-Arab populations. The International Criminal Court’s deputy prosecutor, Nazhat Shameem Khan, told the UN Security Council in July 2025 that evidence suggests war crimes and crimes against humanity, with rape and abductions weaponised.
The massacre has drawn limited global attention, despite its scale. Social media posts from Sudanese activists describe “slaughter like animals,” with footage of bodies and burning huts suppressed by algorithmic biases or lack of Western interest. The Biden administration’s late-2024 genocide designation for RSF actions in Darfur, including this massacre, has not translated into effective intervention. The event underscores Darfur’s recurring tragedy: a region abandoned by the world, where impunity fuels cycles of violence.
The Humanitarian Abyss: Starvation, Displacement, and Atrocities
Sudan’s humanitarian crisis is man-made, with suffering weaponised. Famine spreads as aid is blocked; in El Fasher, no supplies have entered for a year, leading to starvation deaths. The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification reports 638,000 in catastrophic hunger, with conditions persisting due to conflict. Food prices in besieged areas are five times national averages, often unavailable.
Displacement camps like Zamzam are apocalyptic: the recent massacre followed repeated attacks, with mass graves and sexual violence rampant. Over 5 million children are displaced, facing recruitment, abuse, and starvation. Health crises amplify: cholera surges amid a collapsed system, with malnutrition at emergency levels for 8 million.
Atrocities echo Darfur’s 2000s genocide. The International Criminal Court highlights weaponised rape and abductions. The US declared RSF actions genocide in 2024, imposing sanctions on leaders, but impunity persists as foreign arms flow.
Geopolitical Entanglements: Proxy Wars and External Meddling
Sudan’s war is a proxy conflict entangled in international interests. The United Arab Emirates backs the RSF with arms, drones, and mercenaries, denying allegations despite evidence of Colombian fighters transported via Emirati planes. Motivations include gold mining, countering Islamists and Red Sea access. Egypt supports the SAF to secure Nile waters and borders, fearing RSF chaos.
Russia, via Wagner/Africa Corps, exploits gold and ports, while Iran supplies drones to the SAF. Turkey and Saudi Arabia hedge bets, with Gulf rivalries fracturing unity. This meddling prolongs the war: UAE’s RSF support counters Egyptian-Islamist alliances, while Russian interests align with Burhan. Journalist Anne Applebaum notes in The Atlantic that Sudan’s chaos exemplifies the end of Pax Americana, replaced by fragmented, self-interested powers.
Foreign fighters, including UAE-recruited Colombians, exacerbate atrocities. Economic stakes, Sudan’s gold funds RSF operations, prioritise greed over peace.
International Response: Neglect and Symbolic Gestures
Global efforts are inadequate. The UN’s 2025 humanitarian plan, needing $4.2 billion, is only 22% funded. International Criminal Court probes confirm ongoing crimes, but arrests are distant. The African Union’s Peace and Security Council visited South Sudan in August 2025 to address spillovers, but mediation stalls.
Under President Trump, US policy shifted: Biden-era genocide declarations and sanctions on Burhan and Dagalo persist, but USAID cuts in early 2025 shuttered clinics, worsening aid shortages. Trump’s administration halted operations in January 2025 for review, disrupting aid. Critics, including Rep. Sara Jacobs, decry the lack of priority. Humanitarian groups urge UAE pressure, but geopolitics prevail.
This neglect contrasts with Gaza and Ukraine, where aid and diplomacy dominate. Sudan’s crisis exposes a selective system: no Western sponsorship shields perpetrators, yet indifference reigns.
Comparisons to Gaza and Ukraine: Selective Outrage and Media Bias
Sudan’s superlatives dwarf other crises, yet it garners minimal attention. Gaza’s conflict, with around 40,000 deaths (per Hamas figures), sparks global protests; Ukraine’s invasion draws billions in aid. Sudan, with 150,000+ dead and triple Gaza’s displacement, elicits silence. Bernard-Henri Lévy, in the Wall Street Journal, lambasts Western leftists: “Here, the death toll is at least three times that of Gaza… Yet no one on American campuses… cares.”
Media coverage reflects bias: Gaza and Ukraine average over 100,000 stories monthly, Sudan far less. Aid disparities are stark: Palestinians receive 10-35 times more per capita than Sudanese. Protests for Gaza fill streets; Sudan sees none. A social media post notes, “No Jews, no news.”
Applebaum attributes this to US decline: “The liberal world order has already ended in Sudan.” Former Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok echoes: “The Pax Americana… is just no more.” Subjective media viewpoints favour conflicts with clear narratives or Western stakes. Social media highlights hypocrisy: “Sudan is bleeding… 24.6 million facing catastrophic hunger,” yet ignored. Gaza’s famine declaration used lowered thresholds, unlike Sudan or Yemen.
Indictment of a Faltering International System
Sudan’s war, amplified by the Darfur massacre, indicts the global order’s decay. Applebaum, reporting from al-Ahamda camp, describes a “ramshackle” reality where liberal decline manifests. Geopolitical fragmentation, UAE vs. Egypt, Russia vs. West, replaces consensus. Impunity for violations erodes norms.
Lévy critiques “radio silence” from progressives, reprising Israeli arguments. Neglect reflects politics: no direct Western sponsorship, unlike Israel, but US decline amplifies indifference. As Hamdok told Applebaum, we inhabit a “new world order” of eroded consensus.
The politically incorrect truth: attention follows power and prejudice, not need. Sudan’s Muslims suffer without “useful” villains like Israel, revealing bias in humanitarianism.
Conclusion: A Call for Urgent Action and Reflection
Sudan’s tragedy: 150,000 dead, 12 million displaced, famine ravaging millions, and the Darfur massacre, is the world’s most devastating, yet overlooked amid Gaza and Ukraine. This neglect signals the liberal order’s end, replaced by chaos where greed trumps humanity. To avert further catastrophe, the international community must surge aid, enforce International Criminal Court warrants, pressure patrons like the UAE, and mediate inclusively. Fund the $4.2 billion plan, open aid corridors, and isolate extremists.
Sudan’s silence, punctuated by Darfur’s screams, challenges us: if we ignore this, what crises follow? As Applebaum warns, in al-Ahamda, the theoretical becomes real – a void nothing fills. The world must refocus, or risk complicity in history’s greatest forgotten horror.